Movie Specials Effects free essay sample

This paper compares the special effects of Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones and Spiderman both released in summer 2002. A comparison of two films, Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones and Spiderman with particular emphasis on contrasting the special effects used in these movies. The author looks at the ideology of a special effects team and the systemic approach to creativity for the imagination as the big screen comes to life in the minds of the audience. Within the movie world there will always be a need for sensational special effects, gone are the days when a simple camera trick and small explosion would suffice for the action scenes, now as movies become digitalized and edited upon computers there is little a special effects team cannot do to a character or scene. Within the present arena of movie making two major films stand out as having the most complex and memorable special effects are Spiderman and the latest Star Wars visiting in the series, the Attack of the Clones. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Specials Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Original piece of great business writing

Original piece of great business writing Business writing Business Writing Guidelines Below, there are helpful business writing guidelines. You may stick to them when producing your papers. However, remember that all your assignments have to be completed in accordance with the teacher’s instructions. In case some questions arise, you should contact to get valuable assistance with preparing your work in the business area. Nowadays, business sector grows very fast. New companies are created every day. In order to run business successfully, you should possess remarkable managerial, writing, and organizational skills. The thing is that it is essential to establish strong connection between the departments of the company, business partners, etc. When working in this field, you will need to send e-mails to colleagues, write financial reports, and other documents. As it is seen, writing takes a very important place in conducting business. Therefore, you should know how to organize documentation in the right way. For this reason, you should follow these useful business writing tips: When producing some pieces on economic topics, you should know who the addressee is. Thus, you will understand what writing style should be applied to different types of documents. It is necessary to identify clearly the aim of producing particular texts. Present accurate data only. Provide information concisely. It is better to use verbs in the active voice than in the passive. Do not use a lot of personal pronouns such as â€Å"you, I, we.† Reference Style You do want to produce an effective business writing piece, don’t you? Thus, you should pay attention to the format. The majority of papers in Business are formatted in APA. According to it, you need to use an author-date principle for in-text citations (for example, Adams, 1997). It is also recommended not to make endnotes and footnotes. By the way, if you need expert help with formatting your work, feel free to use our superior services. Types of Papers What is business writing? A lot of students want to get a clear answer to this question to be able to complete their assignments appropriately. There are different types of business works. They are: Memoranda These are short pieces of writing that provide general information inside the company. They should be organized in a particular business writing format. If writing such a paper is one of your college assignments, you should know that it can be produced in the informal style. Nevertheless, you should know who will read your memorandum. Thus, you will manage to provide enough useful information about its key issue. If you cannot write memos on your own, turn to our experts for assistance. Business Letters This is one of the means of business communication. They are written in formal style. By the way, you can use such papers to apply for a job. Business letters have a common format. Standard elements of a business letter are date, address, greeting, body, and closing part. They should be written clearly, so that readers can understand the message properly. If you want to show the addressee that you are aware of the subject, you may use specific terms. If you consider this assignment very complicated, you should address us. We know how to write a business letter properly. Case Analysis This is one of the common types of business writing. Students of business or economic courses are often assigned to produce it. When writing it, you need to apply knowledge gained during classes. It will help you examine the matter thoroughly. You should start with presenting the case. Then, you need to offer suitable solutions to the discussed problem. Business Plan It is made to help companies expand and provide its services appropriately. They are also used to obtain additional funding. By the way, students often get such business assignments. Note that it is essential to set the purpose of writing clearly when making business plans. If any difficulties occur, get in touch with us without hesitation. Business Proposal This piece of business writing presents effective solutions to the addressed problems. In order to write it properly, you should identify the problem and analyze it in detail. Proposals can be of two types: unsolicited and solicited. The former is produced to offer cooperation to other companies. The latter is written when a firm wants to use the services of other agencies.

The Currency Act of 1764

The Currency Act of 1764 The Currency Act of 1764 was the second and most impactful of two laws passed by the British government during the reign of King George III that attempted to take total control of the monetary systems of all 13 colonies of British America. Passed by Parliament on September 1, 1764, the act extended the restrictions of the Currency Act of 1751 to all 13 of the American British colonies. It eased the earlier Currency Act’s prohibition against printing of new paper bills, but it did prevent the colonies from repaying future debts with paper bills. Parliament had always envisioned that its American colonies should use a monetary system similar, if not identical, to the British system of â€Å"hard currency† based on the pound sterling. Feeling that it would be too hard for it to regulate colonial paper money, Parliament chose to simply declare it worthless instead. The colonies felt devastated by this and protested angrily against the act. Already suffering a deep trade deficit with Great Britain, colonial merchants feared the lack of their own hard capital would make the situation even more desperate. The Currency Act exacerbated tensions between the colonies and Great Britain and is considered to be one of the many grievances that led to the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence. Economic Problems in the Colonies Having expended almost all of their monetary resources buying expensive imported goods, the early colonies struggled to keep money in circulation. Lacking a form of exchange that did not suffer from depreciation, the colonists depended largely on three forms of currency: Money in the form of locally-produced commodities, like tobacco, used as a means of exchange.Paper money in the form of a bill of exchange or a banknote backed by the value of land owned by an individual.â€Å"Specie† or gold or silver money. As international economic factors caused the availability of specie in the colonies to decrease, many colonists turned to bartering - trading goods or services between two or more parties without the use of money. When bartering proved too limited, the colonists turned to using commodities - mainly tobacco - as money.  However, only poorer quality tobacco ended up being circulated among the colonists, with the higher quality leaves were exported for greater profit. In the face of growing colonial debts, the commodity system soon proved ineffective. Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper money in 1690, and by 1715, ten of the 13 colonies were issuing their own currency. But the colonies’ money woes were far from over. As the amount of gold and silver needed to back them began to dwindle, so did the actual value of the paper bills. By 1740, for example, a Rhode Island bill of exchange was worth less than 4% of its face value. Worse yet, this rate of the actual value of paper money varied from colony-to-colony. With the amount of printed money growing faster than the overall economy, hyperinflation quickly reduced the buying power of the colonial currency. Forced to accept the depreciated colonial currency as a repayment of debts, British merchants lobbied Parliament to enact the Currency Acts of 1751 and 1764. The Currency Act of 1751 The first Currency Act banned only the New England colonies from printing paper money and from opening new public banks. These colonies had issued paper money mainly to repay their debts to for British and French military protection during the French and Indian Wars. However, years of depreciation had caused the New England colonies’ â€Å"bills of credit† to be worth far less than the silver-backed British pound. Being forced to accept the heavily depreciated New England bills of credit as payment of colonial debts was particularly harmful to British merchants. While the Currency Act of 1751 allowed the New England colonies to continue using their existing bills to be used to pay public debts, like British taxes, it prohibited them from using the bills to pay private debts, such as those to merchants. The Currency Act of 1764 The Currency Act of 1764 extended the restrictions of the Currency Act of 1751 to all 13 of the American British colonies. While it eased the earlier Act’s prohibition against of the printing of new paper bills, it did forbid the colonies from using any future bills for payment of all public and private debts. As a result, the only way the colonies could repay their debts to Britain was with gold or silver. As their supplies of gold and silver rapidly dwindled, this policy created severe financial hardships for the colonies. For the next nine years, English colonial agents in London, including no less than Benjamin Franklin, lobbied Parliament to repeal the Currency Act. Point Made, England Backs Down In 1770, the New York colony informed Parliament that difficulties caused by the Currency Act would prevent it from being able to pay for housing British troops as required by the also unpopular Quartering Act of 1765.  One of the so-called â€Å"Intolerable Acts,† the Quartering  Act forced the colonies to house British soldiers in barracks provided by the colonies. Faced with that expensive possibility, Parliament authorized the New York colony to issues  £120,000 in paper bills for the payment of public, but not private debts. In 1773, Parliament amended the Currency Act of 1764 to allow all of the colonies to issue paper money for the payment of public debts - especially those owed to the British Crown. In the end, while the colonies had reclaimed at least a limited right to issue paper money, Parliament had reinforced its authority over its colonial governments. Legacy of the Currency Acts While both sides managed to temporarily move on from the Currency Acts, they contributed substantially to the growing tensions between the colonists and Britain. When the First Continental Congress issued a Declaration of Rights in 1774, delegates included the Currency Act of 1764 as one of the seven British Acts labeled as â€Å"subversive of American rights.† An Excerpt From the Currency Act of 1764 WHEREAS great quantities of paper bills of credit have been created and issued in his Majestys colonies or plantations in America, by virtue of acts, orders, resolutions, or votes of assembly, making and declaring such bills of credit to be legal tender in payment of money: and whereas such bills of credit have greatly depreciated in their value, by means whereof debts have been discharged with a much less value than was contracted for, to the great discouragement and prejudice of the trade and commerce of his Majestys subjects, by occasioning confusion in dealings, and lessening credit in the said colonies or plantations: for remedy whereof, may it please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be enacted; and be it enacted by the Kings most excellent majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of September, one thousand seven h undred and sixty four, no act, order, resolution, or vote of assembly, in any of his Majestys colonies or plantations in America, shall be made, for creating or issuing any paper bills, or bills of credit of any kind or denomination whatsoever, declaring such paper bills, or bills of credit, to be legal tender in payment of any bargains, contracts, debts, dues, or demands whatsoever; and every clause or provision which shall hereafter be inserted in any act, order, resolution, or vote of assembly, contrary to this act, shall be null and void.

Diabetes and the african-american population Essay

Diabetes and the african-american population - Essay Example Moreover, diabetes is also associated with the development of nephropathy with potential renal failure, autonomic dysfunction, and foot ulcers. Thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and weight loss are the characteristic clinical presentation of diabetes. Diabetes can lead to ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. Individuals with diabetes are often asymptomatic and some patients experience mild symptoms. For many centuries, there has been an awareness of different types of diabetes with varying severity. At the beginning of the 20th century, the possibility that there are two distinct types of diabetes emerged. The two types of diabetes are Type 1 diabetes (beta-cell destruction), which is an idiopathic and autoimmune disease, and Type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin hyposecretion (Holt, 2010). Type 1 diabetes occurs as a result of beta-cell destruction and mild insulin resistance. Insulin is required for survival after the patient survives the initial stages of the disease. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is the dominant form of the disease around the world (T. Metcalf & G. Metcalf, 2008). Diabetes is particularly quite prevalent in the United States of America. According to the 2000 US Census, there are 37.4 million African American individuals in America which constitute approximately 12.3% of the total population. In African American children, the rates of Type 1 diabetes are lower compared to American children. The African American population has an incidence rate of 5 to 8 per 100,000 per annum. On the other hand, the incidence rate of diabetes in white population is 14 to 17 per 100,000 per year. (Joslin & Kahn, 2006).The different proportions of racial admixture, particularly with the white populations, might be the reason for the distinct incidence rates among the black population. A significant role is played by genetic

Org behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Org behavior - Assignment Example This concept has its pros and cons at the same time, while usually organizations would try to be the donor than receptor since it is based on considerable dependency on the other organization, on the other hand this concept allows using of resources and hence more options and possibilities of exploring possible new domains. This can possibly come in form of establishment of ventures and collations amongst different business partners and most organizations tend to increase their impact on the others and aim to contribute more than consume. 2-Explain the differences between centralization and decentralization and between standardization and mutual adjustment. What factors determine the ability to strike a balance between these mechanisms? There can be broadly two approaches towards steering the organization and its helm of affairs. While the centralized approach relies on the concentration of power and authority, usually to the top rank management. In such cases, the high ups in a given organization have control over the decisions, the dealings and negotiations conducted. In a decentralized approach, the balance of power is relatively even, and is not concentrated in one segment of the organization. Both the mutual adjustment and standardization fall under the umbrella of coordination, control and proper working within an organization and by the organization. The mutual adjustment entails to the working in group concept and sharing of load. The prime requirement of mutual adjustment is based on effective communication and acceptance and appreciation of efforts by the team members or other stake holders involved in a venture undertaken. Standardization on other hand is the setting of criterion based on the principles high productivity and effective and professional working environment. In such a case standardization can be focused on the work processes, the output desired and the other factors that

The Characters of Brutus and Cassius in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

The Characters of Brutus and Cassius in Julius Caesar Brutus and Cassius? Of these two who is most suitable to lead the assassination plot and to lead in the civil war? Brutus and Cassius are two very different characters. Brutus is a more dominant and noble character. He is honest, naive, and sincere. Then there is Cassius who is a perceptive person and very manipulative. He is fearful, envious, and a military strategist. Both of them perceive Antony in a different way, this is where their personalities clash and their differences begin. Brutus is a good friend of Caesar, who believes highly in his principles. His principles somewhat control how he behaves. He is influenced by ideas, instead of what other people think. In the play Julius Caesar, Brutus becomes the most complex character, and he becomes the tragic hero of the play. Brutus is a very naive and trusting person when it comes to judging Antony, but he underestimates how dangerous Antony really is. (Act 2 Scene 1, 178) Brutus' decisions have had some bad consequences. Allowing Antony to speak at the funeral and deciding to risk the battle at Philippi was one of his philosophical decisions with a bad consequence. ( Act 4 Scene 3, 228) Although, he thinks that is isn't necessary to kill Antony because without Caesar, Brutus believes Antony is worthless. Brutus is a noble person and holds his country high. Even Cassius knows how noble and honorable Brutus really is. When someone is willing to die for their country, "thou art noble." (Act 1 Scene 2, 320) Everyone even Caesar, admires him and tries to be friends with him. But in the end Brutus is tragic because he tries to be better then he can be and that causes him to fall. Cassius views Caesar differently, he does not like the fact that Caesar has become godlike in the eyes of the Romans. Cassius is a different man to different people, depending on who it is he can be loving or ruthless, gentle or rough, passionate or mean. Caesar's opinion on Cassius is "Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; He thinks too much: such men are dangerous." ( Act 1 Scene 2, 194 ) Brutus' opinion is, "The last of all the Romans, fare thee well! It is impossible that ever Rome should breed thy fellow [equal].

Difference between public limited company and private limited company Essay

Executive Summary Ted’s Corporate Services is the business run by Ted. He is a sole trader. He wants to convert his business from sole trader to company to take the benefit of limited liability and other benefits as well. He wants advice for forming a company which is the most appropriate for him. Proprietary company unlimited by shares capital, public company unlimited by shares capital, public company limited by guarantee and public company with no liability are the companies which are not appropriate for Ted. As, the companies have unlimited liabilities which Ted do not want to establish and also no liability company is done for mining purpose only. Whereby, proprietary company limited by shares and public company limited by shares are the companies which can be set up by Ted. If company can easily get large capital, have good ability to borrow money from public, possibly list on stock exchange then Ted can form the public company limited by shares. Whereas, small business like Ted are unlik ely to meet these abilities and want to convert to company. So, the most appropriate type of company Ted could form is proprietary company limited by shares. This can also be converted to public company limited by shares in the future if Ted wants to expand his company. 1. Introduction Company is defined as a legal entity which is allowed by legislation and permits a group of people to apply to the government for an independent organization as shareholders who can then target on pursuing objectives, and empowered with legal rights (Modern Company Law 1997). Advantages of company are it is a separate legal entity; it can sue and can be sued by others, protection of assets and so on whereas complex legal formalities, more paperwork, costly to run and establish are some of the disadvantages of company (The Advice Spot 2010). The purpose of writing this report is to advice Ted about forming the company. Also, advising him about the most appropriate type of company which he can form. 2. Process of registering a company Certain requirements should be followed to register a company. First of all, a person must lodge an application with Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) using the prescribed form: s117 Corporation Act (CA) 2001. Section 117(2) (CA) states that the application must state specified information such as the type of company, the company’s name, names and addresses of persons consenting to be members, the address of the company and so on. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) If the company wants to follow its own time table then it should also be mentioned by the public company in the application. The number of shares, class of shares, amount the member is ready to pay, and amount paid fully or partly should all be mentioned by the company limited by shares or unlimited company on the application. Also, if the public company wants to have a constitution on the registration, then a copy of the constitution must be lodged but it’s compulsory for the public company with no liability. The application must be in the advised form. Also, the company must have the consents and agreements. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) After, the requirements are done successfully, ASIC will issue a certificate of registration and an Australian company number and it also will have the power according to S124 (1) (CA). S119 (CA) states that company comes into existence on the day it is registered with the specific name in its certificate of registration (Lipton, Herzberg 2001). This means that the company is a separate legal entity now. It is separate from people who run and manage the company. 3. Could Ted perform the process of registering the company? Anyone who is above 18 years old can form the company. Additionally, the person should not have any cases of bankrupts and also any offences related to misconduct or fraudulent activities relating to company. (Finance 2007) This shows that Ted can perform the process of registering the company. Also, it’s better for Ted to consult a lawyer if he has committed a breach of corporate law before setting up the company, for instance, as a director. 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of each type of company. The company is divided into two parts, i.e. Proprietary company and Public company which is discussed below. 4.1 Proprietary Company Proprietary company is a company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to known people such as friends, employees and relatives. In this type of company, there should be at least one director who is resident of Australia, not more than 50 non-employees shareholders and minimum 1 member: s114 (CA). Also, S148 (CA) states that company should have the abbreviation of either â€Å"Proprietary â€Å"or â€Å"Pty† to be recognized as proprietary company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Proprietary company is divided into two parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.1.1 Company limited by shares A company limited by shares is a type of proprietary company where shareholder only pays amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call, i.e. they have fully and partly paid shareholders. Advantage of this company is that the shareholders are provided more protection when the case of liability rises. Whereas, more paper work, complex legal formalities, high cost to establish are some of its disadvantages. (Finance 2007) 4.1.2 Company unlimited by shares capital A company unlimited by share capital is the company where the shareholders are fully responsible for all the debts of the company. Advantage of this company is that it has separate legal entity, can sue and be sued and so on whereas unlimited liability is the major disadvantage. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 4.2 Public Company Public company is the company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to general public by using disclosure document prospectus. In this type of company, there should be at least 3 directors where minimum 2 should be the resident of Australia and also can have infinite number of shareholders and members. Also, S148 (5) (CA) states that public company has no distinguishing name. (Lipton, Herzberg 2000) Public company is divided into four parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.2.1 Company limited by shares Section 9 (CA) states that a company limited by shares is the company where shareholder only pays the amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call. There are two types of members who have paid the amount of shares either partly or fully. Under s515 (CA) a member is liable to contribute to the company’s debts and liabilities and the costs, charges and expenses of the winding up. Advantage of company limited by shares is that the creditor does not need to sell the personal property to pay the debt of the company. Whereas, the disadvantage is that it has more legal formalities, more paper work and so on similar to other companies. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) 4.2.2 Company unlimited by shares capital Company unlimited by shares capital is the type of the company where the shareholders are fully responsible to pay for all debts of company. Recognition as a separate legal entity, large capital, highly professional persons engaged in the company is some of the benefits of company unlimited by shares capital whereas unlimited liability is one of the major disadvantages. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.3 Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is a company whose members have their liability limited to the amounts that they have undertaken to contribute to the property of the company in the event of it being wound up. Guarantee companies retain the advantages of being legal entities with the liability of the members limited to the amount of guarantee. Also under section 115 (CA), only a company limited by guarantee may obtain a licence to dispense with the word â€Å"Limited† at the end of its name. Whereas, the drawback of this type of companies is that it does not raise initial or working capital from its members. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.4 No liability Company A no liability company is a company where shareholders are not bound to pay the amount owed to company when company makes a call. Advantage of being this company is that there will be no liability for the shareholders, whereas the drawback of this company is that only mining can be done if no liability company is formed. (Redmond 2000) 5. What might be the most appropriate company to form, and can this be changed at a later point of time? 5.1 Most appropriate type of company. 5.1.1 Proprietary Company limited by shares This company is one of the appropriate companies for Ted. The shareholders are only liable to pay the debt of the company when company makes a call and also shareholders are more protected. Also, proprietary company limited by shares is good for the small family business (Finance 2007). 5.1.2 Proprietary Company unlimited with share capital Proprietary company unlimited with share capital is not appropriate company for Ted. As, in this company shareholders are fully responsible to pay the debt. Whereby, Ted wanted to convert to company because of limited liability. 5.1.3 Public Company limited by shares It is one of the companies which attract more number of shareholders. For Ted’s business activity, company limited by shares is also one of the appropriate companies as the shareholders will only be liable to pay for the amount unpaid on shares when the company makes a call. 5.1.4 Public Company unlimited by shares capital Ted wants to convert his sole trader business to company because of the limited liability. But company unlimited by shares capital has unlimited liabilities. Also, these sorts of company are established by professionals. So, it does not suit for the Ted’s business. 5.1.5 Public Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is convenient for clubs, charities and other non-trading companies whose capital is raised by members’ fees, donations, subscriptions and social activities (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). Whereas, Ted Company is a trading companies and profit oriented, which means choosing company limited by guarantee is the wrong decision to be taken. 5.1.6 Public Company with no liability Section112 (3) (CA) states that a no liability company is prohibited from  engaging in activities that are outside its mining purposes objectives (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). This reflects that no liability company is not appropriate type of company to be formed by Ted. 5.2 Can certain company be changed at a later point of time? Proprietary company limited by shares and Public Company limited by shares are both appropriate for the Ted’s business. In Future, if Ted wants to convert from proprietary to public or either from public to proprietary, he can convert it. 5.2.1 Proprietary to Public Company Corporation act allows proprietary company limited by shares to convert to public company limited by shares by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). Also, the company should omit the word â€Å"Proprietary† from the company. Then the company is issued with an amended certificate of registration and becomes a public company. Under s165(CA), if the company has contravened s113 (CA), then ASIC may direct a proprietary company to change to public company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 5.2.2 Public to Proprietary Company Corporation act allows public company to convert to proprietary company by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). The special resolution must alter the company name by including â€Å"Proprietary† or â€Å"Pty†. Also, S113 (CA) states that the proprietary companies to have share capital and a maximum number of 50 shareholder members. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 6. On-going requirements If Ted were to set up a proprietary or public company, several more steps would have to be taken from the time the company is officially registered. Firstly, under s286 (CA), a detailed financial record should be kept by Ted. Also, these records should be available for the next seven years. A minute book must be there under section 251A (CA). Whereby, the minute book consists of the records and resolution of meetings which should be signed by  the director and chairperson of the company. Also, minute should include declaration form which is optional for proprietary and compulsory for public company. Additionally, under s168 (CA) register have to be maintained for members, option holders and debenture holders. As, Ted wants to increase his capital, he should give notice to ASIC of the shares he wants to issue, amounts paid and unpaid on the shares. Likewise, within two months, Ted need to issue share certificates to the holders. Appointing a public tax officer and an appropriate ins urance would be advised for Ted. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 7. Liable for the actions After setting up the company, the shareholders, members are not liable for the actions undertaken by the company. The precedent case Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) Ac 22, the court decided that Salomon was not held liable because the company and he himself are two different business entity doing business together. However, the court will lift the veil of incorporation if the company is used to perpetuate a fraud, if company is used to avoid an existing legal obligation, situation of agency and so on. Whereby, veil of incorporation is defined as barrier which separates the company on one hand and the members, promoters and controllers on the other. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) In the case Re Darby (1911) 1 KB 95, the court decided that Darby was liable for his actions and so the court lifted the veil of incorporation. Also, in the case Gilford Motors Co Ltd v Home (1933) Ch 935, the court held that the Gilford was liable as the company was created for fraudulent purposes. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Under the case Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd (1964) 2 QB 480, the court decided that there must be a representation that the agent has the authority, the 3rd party must be well known that the contract is done on good faith and the contract must have power under memo & articles to make contract. Or else, the person will be fully liable for his/ her activities. (Commonwealth Consolidated Act 2001) 8. Restrictions on the sale of shares Usually shares are easily transferable. Shareholders have right to buy and sell the shares. However, the company also can restrict the shareholders to  transfer the shares. S1072 G (CA) states that the director of proprietary companies have right to refuse to transfer shares. Also, S1072 F (CA) states that the public company have limited right to restrict transfer of share. (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts 2001) This shows that Ted can restrict on the sale of shares by following the S1072 G (CA) or S1072 F (CA). He might do this to be the majority shareholder of the company. He can maintain the less chances of takeover by the third party. Also, if he restricts the transfer of shares then the business would remain in the family’s hand only. 9. Recommendation and Conclusion Type of business run, individual circumstances, the level of control and financial situation are the things which should be considered before choosing which type of company to set up. For example, if the company can easily get a large capital, have easy transfer of share ownership, have good ability to borrow money from public and possibly list on the stock exchange, then choosing public company with limited shares won’t be the wrong decision for Ted. (Finance 2007) However, many small businesses like Ted’s are unlikely to require these abilities and are more willing to set up a company structure for family tax planning. Likewise, company also provides more benefits than sole trader, i.e. limited liability, recognition, enough flexibility and so on. This shows that the appropriate form of company would be proprietary company limited by shares for Ted. To conclude, a proprietary limited company is the most common type of company set up by small businesses. So, Ted can ch oose proprietary company with limited shares. Also, in future if he wants to expand his business, he can go through some legal formalities and can convert to public company limited by shares. List of References Adams, M, 2002, Essential Corporate Law, 1st edn, London Commonwealth Consolidated Act, 2001, Corporation Act 2001, viewed 30 April 2012, Davies, P 1997, Gower’s Principles of Modern Company Law, 6th edn, London Finance, 2007, Proprietary limited company, viewed 30 April 2012, Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2000, Understanding Company Law, 10th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2001, Understanding Company Law, 9th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, Welsh, M, 2010, Understanding Company Law, 15th edn, Sydney, New South Wales