Friday, February 14, 2020

Diabetes and the african-american population Essay

Diabetes and the african-american population - Essay Example Moreover, diabetes is also associated with the development of nephropathy with potential renal failure, autonomic dysfunction, and foot ulcers. Thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and weight loss are the characteristic clinical presentation of diabetes. Diabetes can lead to ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. Individuals with diabetes are often asymptomatic and some patients experience mild symptoms. For many centuries, there has been an awareness of different types of diabetes with varying severity. At the beginning of the 20th century, the possibility that there are two distinct types of diabetes emerged. The two types of diabetes are Type 1 diabetes (beta-cell destruction), which is an idiopathic and autoimmune disease, and Type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin hyposecretion (Holt, 2010). Type 1 diabetes occurs as a result of beta-cell destruction and mild insulin resistance. Insulin is required for survival after the patient survives the initial stages of the disease. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is the dominant form of the disease around the world (T. Metcalf & G. Metcalf, 2008). Diabetes is particularly quite prevalent in the United States of America. According to the 2000 US Census, there are 37.4 million African American individuals in America which constitute approximately 12.3% of the total population. In African American children, the rates of Type 1 diabetes are lower compared to American children. The African American population has an incidence rate of 5 to 8 per 100,000 per annum. On the other hand, the incidence rate of diabetes in white population is 14 to 17 per 100,000 per year. (Joslin & Kahn, 2006).The different proportions of racial admixture, particularly with the white populations, might be the reason for the distinct incidence rates among the black population. A significant role is played by genetic

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Org behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Org behavior - Assignment Example This concept has its pros and cons at the same time, while usually organizations would try to be the donor than receptor since it is based on considerable dependency on the other organization, on the other hand this concept allows using of resources and hence more options and possibilities of exploring possible new domains. This can possibly come in form of establishment of ventures and collations amongst different business partners and most organizations tend to increase their impact on the others and aim to contribute more than consume. 2-Explain the differences between centralization and decentralization and between standardization and mutual adjustment. What factors determine the ability to strike a balance between these mechanisms? There can be broadly two approaches towards steering the organization and its helm of affairs. While the centralized approach relies on the concentration of power and authority, usually to the top rank management. In such cases, the high ups in a given organization have control over the decisions, the dealings and negotiations conducted. In a decentralized approach, the balance of power is relatively even, and is not concentrated in one segment of the organization. Both the mutual adjustment and standardization fall under the umbrella of coordination, control and proper working within an organization and by the organization. The mutual adjustment entails to the working in group concept and sharing of load. The prime requirement of mutual adjustment is based on effective communication and acceptance and appreciation of efforts by the team members or other stake holders involved in a venture undertaken. Standardization on other hand is the setting of criterion based on the principles high productivity and effective and professional working environment. In such a case standardization can be focused on the work processes, the output desired and the other factors that

Friday, January 24, 2020

The Characters of Brutus and Cassius in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

The Characters of Brutus and Cassius in Julius Caesar Brutus and Cassius? Of these two who is most suitable to lead the assassination plot and to lead in the civil war? Brutus and Cassius are two very different characters. Brutus is a more dominant and noble character. He is honest, naive, and sincere. Then there is Cassius who is a perceptive person and very manipulative. He is fearful, envious, and a military strategist. Both of them perceive Antony in a different way, this is where their personalities clash and their differences begin. Brutus is a good friend of Caesar, who believes highly in his principles. His principles somewhat control how he behaves. He is influenced by ideas, instead of what other people think. In the play Julius Caesar, Brutus becomes the most complex character, and he becomes the tragic hero of the play. Brutus is a very naive and trusting person when it comes to judging Antony, but he underestimates how dangerous Antony really is. (Act 2 Scene 1, 178) Brutus' decisions have had some bad consequences. Allowing Antony to speak at the funeral and deciding to risk the battle at Philippi was one of his philosophical decisions with a bad consequence. ( Act 4 Scene 3, 228) Although, he thinks that is isn't necessary to kill Antony because without Caesar, Brutus believes Antony is worthless. Brutus is a noble person and holds his country high. Even Cassius knows how noble and honorable Brutus really is. When someone is willing to die for their country, "thou art noble." (Act 1 Scene 2, 320) Everyone even Caesar, admires him and tries to be friends with him. But in the end Brutus is tragic because he tries to be better then he can be and that causes him to fall. Cassius views Caesar differently, he does not like the fact that Caesar has become godlike in the eyes of the Romans. Cassius is a different man to different people, depending on who it is he can be loving or ruthless, gentle or rough, passionate or mean. Caesar's opinion on Cassius is "Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; He thinks too much: such men are dangerous." ( Act 1 Scene 2, 194 ) Brutus' opinion is, "The last of all the Romans, fare thee well! It is impossible that ever Rome should breed thy fellow [equal].

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Difference between public limited company and private limited company Essay

Executive Summary Ted’s Corporate Services is the business run by Ted. He is a sole trader. He wants to convert his business from sole trader to company to take the benefit of limited liability and other benefits as well. He wants advice for forming a company which is the most appropriate for him. Proprietary company unlimited by shares capital, public company unlimited by shares capital, public company limited by guarantee and public company with no liability are the companies which are not appropriate for Ted. As, the companies have unlimited liabilities which Ted do not want to establish and also no liability company is done for mining purpose only. Whereby, proprietary company limited by shares and public company limited by shares are the companies which can be set up by Ted. If company can easily get large capital, have good ability to borrow money from public, possibly list on stock exchange then Ted can form the public company limited by shares. Whereas, small business like Ted are unlik ely to meet these abilities and want to convert to company. So, the most appropriate type of company Ted could form is proprietary company limited by shares. This can also be converted to public company limited by shares in the future if Ted wants to expand his company. 1. Introduction Company is defined as a legal entity which is allowed by legislation and permits a group of people to apply to the government for an independent organization as shareholders who can then target on pursuing objectives, and empowered with legal rights (Modern Company Law 1997). Advantages of company are it is a separate legal entity; it can sue and can be sued by others, protection of assets and so on whereas complex legal formalities, more paperwork, costly to run and establish are some of the disadvantages of company (The Advice Spot 2010). The purpose of writing this report is to advice Ted about forming the company. Also, advising him about the most appropriate type of company which he can form. 2. Process of registering a company Certain requirements should be followed to register a company. First of all, a person must lodge an application with Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) using the prescribed form: s117 Corporation Act (CA) 2001. Section 117(2) (CA) states that the application must state specified information such as the type of company, the company’s name, names and addresses of persons consenting to be members, the address of the company and so on. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) If the company wants to follow its own time table then it should also be mentioned by the public company in the application. The number of shares, class of shares, amount the member is ready to pay, and amount paid fully or partly should all be mentioned by the company limited by shares or unlimited company on the application. Also, if the public company wants to have a constitution on the registration, then a copy of the constitution must be lodged but it’s compulsory for the public company with no liability. The application must be in the advised form. Also, the company must have the consents and agreements. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) After, the requirements are done successfully, ASIC will issue a certificate of registration and an Australian company number and it also will have the power according to S124 (1) (CA). S119 (CA) states that company comes into existence on the day it is registered with the specific name in its certificate of registration (Lipton, Herzberg 2001). This means that the company is a separate legal entity now. It is separate from people who run and manage the company. 3. Could Ted perform the process of registering the company? Anyone who is above 18 years old can form the company. Additionally, the person should not have any cases of bankrupts and also any offences related to misconduct or fraudulent activities relating to company. (Finance 2007) This shows that Ted can perform the process of registering the company. Also, it’s better for Ted to consult a lawyer if he has committed a breach of corporate law before setting up the company, for instance, as a director. 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of each type of company. The company is divided into two parts, i.e. Proprietary company and Public company which is discussed below. 4.1 Proprietary Company Proprietary company is a company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to known people such as friends, employees and relatives. In this type of company, there should be at least one director who is resident of Australia, not more than 50 non-employees shareholders and minimum 1 member: s114 (CA). Also, S148 (CA) states that company should have the abbreviation of either â€Å"Proprietary â€Å"or â€Å"Pty† to be recognized as proprietary company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Proprietary company is divided into two parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.1.1 Company limited by shares A company limited by shares is a type of proprietary company where shareholder only pays amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call, i.e. they have fully and partly paid shareholders. Advantage of this company is that the shareholders are provided more protection when the case of liability rises. Whereas, more paper work, complex legal formalities, high cost to establish are some of its disadvantages. (Finance 2007) 4.1.2 Company unlimited by shares capital A company unlimited by share capital is the company where the shareholders are fully responsible for all the debts of the company. Advantage of this company is that it has separate legal entity, can sue and be sued and so on whereas unlimited liability is the major disadvantage. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 4.2 Public Company Public company is the company where the fund is raised by issuing shares to general public by using disclosure document prospectus. In this type of company, there should be at least 3 directors where minimum 2 should be the resident of Australia and also can have infinite number of shareholders and members. Also, S148 (5) (CA) states that public company has no distinguishing name. (Lipton, Herzberg 2000) Public company is divided into four parts which have been discussed below with its advantages and disadvantages. 4.2.1 Company limited by shares Section 9 (CA) states that a company limited by shares is the company where shareholder only pays the amount unpaid on shares when company makes a call. There are two types of members who have paid the amount of shares either partly or fully. Under s515 (CA) a member is liable to contribute to the company’s debts and liabilities and the costs, charges and expenses of the winding up. Advantage of company limited by shares is that the creditor does not need to sell the personal property to pay the debt of the company. Whereas, the disadvantage is that it has more legal formalities, more paper work and so on similar to other companies. (Lipton, Herzberg 2001) 4.2.2 Company unlimited by shares capital Company unlimited by shares capital is the type of the company where the shareholders are fully responsible to pay for all debts of company. Recognition as a separate legal entity, large capital, highly professional persons engaged in the company is some of the benefits of company unlimited by shares capital whereas unlimited liability is one of the major disadvantages. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.3 Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is a company whose members have their liability limited to the amounts that they have undertaken to contribute to the property of the company in the event of it being wound up. Guarantee companies retain the advantages of being legal entities with the liability of the members limited to the amount of guarantee. Also under section 115 (CA), only a company limited by guarantee may obtain a licence to dispense with the word â€Å"Limited† at the end of its name. Whereas, the drawback of this type of companies is that it does not raise initial or working capital from its members. (Redmond 2000) 4.2.4 No liability Company A no liability company is a company where shareholders are not bound to pay the amount owed to company when company makes a call. Advantage of being this company is that there will be no liability for the shareholders, whereas the drawback of this company is that only mining can be done if no liability company is formed. (Redmond 2000) 5. What might be the most appropriate company to form, and can this be changed at a later point of time? 5.1 Most appropriate type of company. 5.1.1 Proprietary Company limited by shares This company is one of the appropriate companies for Ted. The shareholders are only liable to pay the debt of the company when company makes a call and also shareholders are more protected. Also, proprietary company limited by shares is good for the small family business (Finance 2007). 5.1.2 Proprietary Company unlimited with share capital Proprietary company unlimited with share capital is not appropriate company for Ted. As, in this company shareholders are fully responsible to pay the debt. Whereby, Ted wanted to convert to company because of limited liability. 5.1.3 Public Company limited by shares It is one of the companies which attract more number of shareholders. For Ted’s business activity, company limited by shares is also one of the appropriate companies as the shareholders will only be liable to pay for the amount unpaid on shares when the company makes a call. 5.1.4 Public Company unlimited by shares capital Ted wants to convert his sole trader business to company because of the limited liability. But company unlimited by shares capital has unlimited liabilities. Also, these sorts of company are established by professionals. So, it does not suit for the Ted’s business. 5.1.5 Public Company limited by guarantee A company limited by guarantee is convenient for clubs, charities and other non-trading companies whose capital is raised by members’ fees, donations, subscriptions and social activities (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). Whereas, Ted Company is a trading companies and profit oriented, which means choosing company limited by guarantee is the wrong decision to be taken. 5.1.6 Public Company with no liability Section112 (3) (CA) states that a no liability company is prohibited from  engaging in activities that are outside its mining purposes objectives (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010). This reflects that no liability company is not appropriate type of company to be formed by Ted. 5.2 Can certain company be changed at a later point of time? Proprietary company limited by shares and Public Company limited by shares are both appropriate for the Ted’s business. In Future, if Ted wants to convert from proprietary to public or either from public to proprietary, he can convert it. 5.2.1 Proprietary to Public Company Corporation act allows proprietary company limited by shares to convert to public company limited by shares by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). Also, the company should omit the word â€Å"Proprietary† from the company. Then the company is issued with an amended certificate of registration and becomes a public company. Under s165(CA), if the company has contravened s113 (CA), then ASIC may direct a proprietary company to change to public company. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 5.2.2 Public to Proprietary Company Corporation act allows public company to convert to proprietary company by passing a special resolution to this effect and by lodging an application with ASIC: s162 (CA) and s163 (CA). The special resolution must alter the company name by including â€Å"Proprietary† or â€Å"Pty†. Also, S113 (CA) states that the proprietary companies to have share capital and a maximum number of 50 shareholder members. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 6. On-going requirements If Ted were to set up a proprietary or public company, several more steps would have to be taken from the time the company is officially registered. Firstly, under s286 (CA), a detailed financial record should be kept by Ted. Also, these records should be available for the next seven years. A minute book must be there under section 251A (CA). Whereby, the minute book consists of the records and resolution of meetings which should be signed by  the director and chairperson of the company. Also, minute should include declaration form which is optional for proprietary and compulsory for public company. Additionally, under s168 (CA) register have to be maintained for members, option holders and debenture holders. As, Ted wants to increase his capital, he should give notice to ASIC of the shares he wants to issue, amounts paid and unpaid on the shares. Likewise, within two months, Ted need to issue share certificates to the holders. Appointing a public tax officer and an appropriate ins urance would be advised for Ted. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2010) 7. Liable for the actions After setting up the company, the shareholders, members are not liable for the actions undertaken by the company. The precedent case Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) Ac 22, the court decided that Salomon was not held liable because the company and he himself are two different business entity doing business together. However, the court will lift the veil of incorporation if the company is used to perpetuate a fraud, if company is used to avoid an existing legal obligation, situation of agency and so on. Whereby, veil of incorporation is defined as barrier which separates the company on one hand and the members, promoters and controllers on the other. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) In the case Re Darby (1911) 1 KB 95, the court decided that Darby was liable for his actions and so the court lifted the veil of incorporation. Also, in the case Gilford Motors Co Ltd v Home (1933) Ch 935, the court held that the Gilford was liable as the company was created for fraudulent purposes. (Lipton, Herzberg, Welsh 2000) Under the case Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd (1964) 2 QB 480, the court decided that there must be a representation that the agent has the authority, the 3rd party must be well known that the contract is done on good faith and the contract must have power under memo & articles to make contract. Or else, the person will be fully liable for his/ her activities. (Commonwealth Consolidated Act 2001) 8. Restrictions on the sale of shares Usually shares are easily transferable. Shareholders have right to buy and sell the shares. However, the company also can restrict the shareholders to  transfer the shares. S1072 G (CA) states that the director of proprietary companies have right to refuse to transfer shares. Also, S1072 F (CA) states that the public company have limited right to restrict transfer of share. (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts 2001) This shows that Ted can restrict on the sale of shares by following the S1072 G (CA) or S1072 F (CA). He might do this to be the majority shareholder of the company. He can maintain the less chances of takeover by the third party. Also, if he restricts the transfer of shares then the business would remain in the family’s hand only. 9. Recommendation and Conclusion Type of business run, individual circumstances, the level of control and financial situation are the things which should be considered before choosing which type of company to set up. For example, if the company can easily get a large capital, have easy transfer of share ownership, have good ability to borrow money from public and possibly list on the stock exchange, then choosing public company with limited shares won’t be the wrong decision for Ted. (Finance 2007) However, many small businesses like Ted’s are unlikely to require these abilities and are more willing to set up a company structure for family tax planning. Likewise, company also provides more benefits than sole trader, i.e. limited liability, recognition, enough flexibility and so on. This shows that the appropriate form of company would be proprietary company limited by shares for Ted. To conclude, a proprietary limited company is the most common type of company set up by small businesses. So, Ted can ch oose proprietary company with limited shares. Also, in future if he wants to expand his business, he can go through some legal formalities and can convert to public company limited by shares. List of References Adams, M, 2002, Essential Corporate Law, 1st edn, London Commonwealth Consolidated Act, 2001, Corporation Act 2001, viewed 30 April 2012, Davies, P 1997, Gower’s Principles of Modern Company Law, 6th edn, London Finance, 2007, Proprietary limited company, viewed 30 April 2012, Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2000, Understanding Company Law, 10th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, 2001, Understanding Company Law, 9th edn, Sydney, New South Wales Lipton, P, Herzberg, A, Welsh, M, 2010, Understanding Company Law, 15th edn, Sydney, New South Wales

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Essay - 2122 Words

Over 27,000 claims filed through the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the fiscal year 2013, alleged sex-based discrimination (Sex-Based Charges). Most of these gender related accusations are gender discrimination. Stephanie Sipe and Donna K. Fisher, both professors at Georgia Southern University, and C. Douglas Jonson, a professor at Georgia Gwinnett University, state â€Å"Gender discrimination occurs when employers make decisions such as selection, evaluation, promotion, or reward allocation on the basis of an individual’s gender† (Sipe, Johnson, and Fisher 342). Most of the time gender discrimination is subjected towards women in the work field, where women are thought as being lower than males in the same organization. In†¦show more content†¦In the article it is expressed that â€Å"women comprise 66% of the U.S workforce, yet only 21% hold middle management positions, and a mere 15% are at the senior management level† (Sipe, Johnson, an d Fisher 340). This statistic shows that women occupy less of the higher authority positions than males. It is stated that â€Å"although the equity gap between men and women in management careers appears to be closing, the glass ceiling still persists in today’s business environment† (Sipe, Johnson, and Fisher 340). There will also be a little wiggle room for women in the job market; however, they will always have to compete and work hard to break the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling is the area right below the senior management level, which will always be the obstacle hindering women’s passage to higher management jobs. It ensures women that they will only go so far in the corporate level and will not get paid equally for similar type of work as a male. Barbara Czarniawska, a organization theorist, conduct an interview with both sexes and they concluded that â€Å"being a woman is a handicap to pursuing a career in that company† (236). 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More often than not, male accountants are given more demanding tasks in comparison to their female coworkers who are equally qualified but handed less strenuous tasks. Currently, there seems to be a gap in the ratio of women to men in positions of authority. This can be a variety of reasons, one being social norms of what is expected of women in the workforce. Women are frequently

Tuesday, December 31, 2019

What Is Mylar

What is Mylar? You may be familiar with the material in shiny helium-filled balloons, solar filters, space blankets, protective plastic coatings or insulators. Heres a look at what Mylar is made of and how Mylar is made. Mylar Definition Mylar is the brand name for a special type of stretched polyester film. Melinex and Hostaphan are two other well-known trade names for this plastic, which is more generally known as BoPET or biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate. History The BoPet film was developed by DuPont, Hoechst, and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the 1950s. NASAs Echo II balloon was launched in 1964. The Echo balloon was 40 meters in diameter and constructed of 9 micrometers thick Mylar film sandwiched between layers of 4.5 micrometers of thick aluminum foil. Mylar Properties Several properties of BoPET, including Mylar, make it desirable for commercial applications: Electric insulatorTransparentHigh tensile strengthChemical stabilityReflectiveGas barrierOdor barrier How Mylar Is Made Molten polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is extruded as a thin film onto a chilled surface, such as a roller.The film is drawn biaxially. Special machinery may be used to draw the film in both directions at once. More commonly, the film is drawn first in one direction and then in the transverse (orthogonal) direction. Heated rollers are effective for achieving this.Finally, the film is heat set by holding it under tension above 200 Â °C (392 Â °F).A pure film is so smooth it sticks to itself when rolled, so inorganic particles may be embedded in the surface. Vapor deposition may be used to evaporate gold, aluminum or another metal onto the plastic. Uses Mylar and other BoPET films are used to make flexible packaging and lids for the food industry, such as yogurt lids, roasting bags, and coffee foil pouches. BoPET is used to package comic books and for archival storage of documents. Its used as a covering over paper and cloth to provide a shiny surface and protective coating. Mylar is used as an electrical and thermal insulator, reflective material, and decoration. Its found in musical instruments, transparency film, and kites, among other items.

Monday, December 23, 2019

Supply Chain Management Of United Parcel Services

Title Page: Supply Chain Management of United Parcel Services (UPS) Individual Research Paper Written in Fulfillment of Activity 8.5 Course Requirements for LGMT 683 October 2014 Term Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide December 12, 2014 By Minina Johnson Abstract This research paper is written to explain the importance of globalization and supply chain management of the United Parcel Service (UPS). In this document, the reader will obtain the history and development of UPS as well as the supply chain strategy and strategic network optimization developed for their business. In addition, this report will also discuss the distribution network of UPS and how it operates to deliver packages to their destinations around the†¦show more content†¦Soon afterwards, UPS disbursed packages nationwide and began to increase their international services (Rodrigue, n.d.). Today, the world headquarters for UPS is currently located in Atlanta, Ga. 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The primary business of the group is the time-definite delivery of packages and documents throughout the United States and other countries. They have increased their mission from a company striving for excellence in the small package deliveryRead MoreMatrix And Analysis : Bcg Matrix1361 Words   |  6 PagesMatrix and Analysis This matrix chart seeks to help companies analyze their individual business units or product lines to determine how to allocate internal resources. This matrix is used most frequently in brand marketing, product management, and strategic management within an organization. The matrix divides each product or business unit into four different categories based on a combined analysis of market growth and market share (Rothaermel, 2015; Ioana, Mirea, Balescu, 2009; Betts Taran,Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Fedex And Ups1028 Words   |  5 PagesUnited Parcel Services is a 90 year old, private, employee-owned organization with a $1.7 billion net income and almost a century long record of excellent financial performance. It is the world’s largest parcel delivery company with more than $25 billion in annual revenues. UPS delivers around 13 million packages each day and also helps its customers with supply chain management, logistics, and financial services. The industry offers two basic products that are air and ground deliveries. Both ofRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Fedex1465 Words   |  6 Pagesearly 1990s. [1] United Parcel Service (UPS) started as a collaboration between the American Messenger Company and Merchants Parcel Delivery in 1919. The American Messenger Company founded by James Casey and Claude Ryan in 1907 was mainly in the business to deliver supplies for retail stores and special orders for the United States Postal Service (USPS). The company expanded its services by acquiring the Model T Ford and soon merged with their rival company Merchants Parcel Delivery founded byRead MoreGSCM 588 - Major Paper Outline UPS968 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ GSCM588 Final Project Proposal Outline 1. Quality Management at the United Parcel Service (UPS) 2. United Parcel Service (UPS) 3. Background/overview of organization Size of company: 435,000 Worldwide Founded in 1907, UPS is the worlds largest package delivery company and a leading global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services. Using advanced technology, access to global resources, and an integrated network of physical, technological, and human assets, UPS providesRead MoreTransportation Transport Should Be Better Than Land Transportation1337 Words   |  6 PagesTransportation Management operations of all types, including tracking and managing every aspect of vehicle maintenance, fuel costing, routing and mapping, warehousing, communications, EDI implementations, traveler and cargo handling, carrier selection and management, accounting. Transportation Management have different modes: Land, Water, Air, Pipeline, and Rail. The modes land and water are different in many ways. Land Transportation is the transportation of supplies, people, and/or packages toRead MoreUnited Parcel Service4219 Words   |  17 Pagesportfolio of services 8. Importance of supply c hain management 9. The way UPS interacts with its supply chain partners to improve the outcomes for customers. 10. Limitations 11. 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